Slow progress in reducing stunting has been made in Indonesia, from 37.2 to 30.8% in the last 5 years. The WHO reported that stunting is declining slowly, from 32.4% in 2000 to 21.3% in 2019, and in some regions stunting affects 1 in every 3 children. These serious health problems contribute to high health care costs of a country therefore, effective prevention is needed to reduce the prevalence of stunting. This chronic malnutrition is related to many indices of functional impairment, including cognitive and physical development, metabolic disorders that carry an increased risk of degenerative diseases, and socio-emotional development. Stunting reflects shortness for age, is a well-established risk marker of growth failure, and is measured by a height-for-age z-score of more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median. Furthermore, inadequate infant and child feeding practices, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation in the first 1000 days of a child’s life strongly contribute to stunted growth and development. Poor maternal reproductive health and nutrition during pregnancy has lifelong impacts on the health of the offspring. In many countries, interventions to reduce stunting have been implemented during pregnancy. Reducing stunting is part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This intervention has the potential to be replicated and developed for large-scale implementation by optimising collaboration between government, non-governmental organizations, and maternal and child health service providers. Providing nutrition and reproductive health education through small groups with interactive methods improves the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women. There was a significant difference ( P 0.05) in the pre-test. In the control group, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores for these three variables. The pre-test and post-test mean scores in the intervention group were 55.1 and 83.1 for overall knowledge, 40.2 and 49.0 for attitudes, and 36.2 and 40.2 for practices, respectively. Pregnant women in the intervention group indicated a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nutrition and reproductive health after receiving education. Data were analysed using t-test and chi-square analysis. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data consisting of maternal characteristics, nutritional and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the intervention and control groups. The control group ( n = 97) received regular health care services. This interactive education was given by facilitators using techniques such as lectures, role-playing, simulation, and games. The intervention group ( n = 97) received 2 h of nutrition and reproductive health education in small groups (four or five mothers per group) every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive months. The pregnant women were randomly selected from four different villages in Bogor Regency. MethodsĪ quasi-experimental study was conducted among 194 pregnant women from August to November 2019. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition and reproductive health education of pregnant women in Bogor Regency, Indonesia.
Stunting can be prevented optimally during pregnancy as the initial phase of the first 1000 days of life.
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